Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy as a Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Document Type : Original Article

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The Department Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Al-Ainy, Cairo University

10.21608/mjcu.2025.464234

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction are two significant endocrine disorders in pregnancy, with impact on maternal and fetal health. Growing evidence suggests a potential association between thyroid au-toimmunity and the development of GDM. Aim of Study: To study the association of thyroid autoim-munity and/or dysfunction with occurrence of GDM. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study comprised 50 pregnant females with GDM and 50 without GDM, all were recruited after week 24 of gestation and without known thy-roid illness. Thyroid function tests (TSH, FT4) and TPOAb, along with GDM diagnostic testing (OGTT) were done to all patients. Results: A significant association was found between GDM on one side and TPOAb positivity and TSH on the other. Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction may be a risk factor for developing GDM. Screening for thyroid dysfunction and thy-roid autoantibodies in early pregnancy may help identify wom-en at risk for GDM. Also, GDM patients should be screened for thyroid dysfunction.

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