Different Intra-Articular Injection Medications Used for Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Internal Derangement: A Review of Literature

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is a summa-tive term that includes all the problems relating to the TMJ and related musculoskeletal structures. TMJ disc displacement was a progressive problem that ultimately led to degenerative joint disease. This condition is devastating and affects patients’ quality of life. Therefore, treatment included attempts at repo-sitioning or replacing the disc, either by non-surgical or surgi-cal means; however, in the 1990s, it was noted that open joint disc repositioning surgery or discectomy often led to progres-sive degenerative joint disease and fibrosis Intra-articular in-jections are a standard treatment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, utilizing various medications to alleviate pain and improve joint function. Recent studies have highlighted several effective agents with distinct mechanisms and out-comes. This article aims to review various medications used and recommended in the literature and present the mechanism of action and results of each one and recent novel compilations indicated for treating TMG ID, which failed to improve with conservative treatment.