Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Lean Postmenopausal Women

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is considered as the most common bone disease in humans, and it represents a major public health problem as outlined in Bone Health and Oste-oporosis.
Aim of Study: This study was carried out to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on bone mineral density in lean postmenopausal women.
Participants: Forty osteoporotic lean postmenopausal women participated in this study. Their ages were ranged from 49-69 years. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was less than 25kg/m2. Their T-Score was less than –2.5. The study was conducted from January to July 2017.
Design: They were selected randomly from outpatient clinic of Physiotherapy Department.
Location: This study conducted at they were selected from Physiotherapy Department in Abu-Elmatameer General Hospital in Abu-Elmatameer City, Behera Governate.
Material and Methods: They were divided randomly into two groups equal in number (A and B). Group A (study group) performed aerobic exercise in the form of walking on treadmill, for thirty minutes, three times per week for twelve weeks, starting with warming up exercises and ended by cooling down exercises in addition to their usual daily calcium intake (cal preg tablets 1200mg/day). Group B (control group) took only their usual daily calcium intake (cal preg tablets 1200 mg/day). Evaluation all women in both groups (A and B) were assessed pre and post treatment program.
Outcome Measure: Measuring Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of lumbar regain, left femur and forearm by using DEXA.
Results: There was highly statistical significant increase in the mean values of BMD and T-score of lumbar spine, left femur and forearm post treatment in both groups A and B. There was no statistical significant difference between both groups (A & B) pre treatment in the mean values of BMD & T-score of lumbar spine, left femur and forearm where the p-value was (>0.05). While, post-treatment there was a statistical significant difference between both groups (A & B) in the mean values of BMD & T-score of lumbar spine, left femur and for arm where, the p-value was (<0.05) in favor of group A (more increase).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that aerobic exercise has been shown to be effective in improving bone mineral density in lean post-menopausal women.