Apolipoprotein-1 (Apol-1) Gene Polymorphism in Hypertensive Nephroscelerosis Egyptian Patients

Abstract
Background: Arterial Hypertension (AHTN) represents a major public health problem for its high frequency among the unselected population and, particularly, for its strong association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Progressive renal disease has always been comprised among the possible end-organ damage-related to hypertension. The APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants are highly associated with non-diabetic non-HIV associated forms of kidney disease, and in particular FSGS and hypertensive nephropathy.
Aim of Study: To study influence of the APOL1 gene variants (G1 and G2) on the hypertensive induced kidney disease among Egyptian Patients.
Subjects and Methods: In the current study, we examined 88 adult patients (>!18 years old) of both sexes with essential hypertension for >!5 years and classified into two groups: Group I: Included fifty-three patients with essential hyperten-sion (Bl.Pr. >!140/90) who have normal kidney function. Group II: Included thirty-five patients with essential hypertension (Bl.Pr. >!140/90) who have impaired kidney function mostly attributed to HTN. Essential hypertension was diagnosed if the patient gave history of hypertension, with antihypertensive medications or if Bl.Pr. >!140/90 at the time of examination without definite cause. All patients were subjected to thorough medical history taking, physical examination, and many investigations were done as well as APOL1 gene study using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Results: There is significant statistical difference between both groups as regard APOL1 G1 rs73885319, G1 rs60910195 and G2 rs71785313 genotypes and alleles (the abnormal genotypes AG, GG, TG, DI, DD are more frequent in patients with hypertensive nephroscelerosis; Group II). Most patients with hypertensive nephroscelerosis (Group II) carry two risk alleles and showed more decline estimated Glomerular Filter-ation Rate (eGFR) than Group I despite matching in the hypertension duration and severity.
Conclusion: APOL1 G1 rs73885319, G1 rs60910195 and G2 rs71785313 gene polymorphism is associated with in-creased risk of hypertensive induced kidney disease among Egyptian patients. Most patients with hypertensive nephros-celerosis (Group II) showed more decline in e-GFR than group I despite matching in the hypertension duration and severity.