Prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Glycaemic Control Evaluated by Glycaeted Haemoglobin in Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract
Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is by far the most common cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Approximately one-third of individuals with diabetes develop DN, with a high likelihood of progression to ESRD. In addition, DN is associated with considerably increased cardiovascular disease risk and mortality.
Aim of Study: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy between T2DM, and glycaemic control evaluated by a glycaeted haemoglobin in diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy.
Material and Methods: This study was carried out on 100 diabetic patients who attended a private clinic in Aden-Yemen. Over a period from 1st June 2018 to 1st January 2019. All the participants studied were subjected to assessment of sex, age and duration of diabetes with laboratory investigations includ-ing determination of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).
Results: The results showed that 14% of all patients have been studied had diabetic nephropathy, there were statistically significant relationships between diabetic nephropathy and duration of diabetes (p=0.040), there were no statistically significant relationships between diabetic nephropathy and age, sex and glycated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) of the patients.
Conclusion: Screening for microalbuminuria will enable early identification of patients with DN. Duration of DM and was strong predictor associated with the development of DN in the patients studied.
This also raises a red flag against the common medical practice of only using Serum Creatinine as a test to determine renal function.