The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Leiomyoma after Uterine Artery Embolization

Abstract
Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumours in women and accounts for the majority of hysterectomies in the world. MR imaging performed before and after uterine artery embolization is the best imaging modality to diagnose, map, and characterize fibroids.
Aim of Study: To emphasize the utility of MR imaging in the post-procedural assessment for uterine leiomyomas patients who underwent uterine artery embolization.
Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 15 patients who underwent MRI scan as a six-month follow-up after uterine artery embolization for treating uterine fibroids during the period from October 2018 to March 2019.
Results: The mean uterine volume was significantly reduced by 61% (p-value 0.015), the mean dominant fibroids volume significantly reduced by 79% (p-value 0.004) and the dominant fibroids showed significant lack of enhancement 100% (p-value <0.001) that indicted treatment success and in assessing the outcomes and complications as only 1 (6.7%) patient detected with pyometra (uterine infection). In this study we noted significant improvement of bleeding in 69.2% and of pain in 11.1% with slight improvement of pressure symptoms in 66.7%.
Conclusion: 6-month follow-up MRI has an important role in evaluation of UAE success through uterine and dom-inant fibroid volume reduction and lack of enhancement, and evaluation of the outcomes and complications including fibroid regrowth, fibroid change site, pyometra and uterine necrosis.