Screening of Siblings of Diabetic Children for Prediction of Developing T1DM by Use of Urinary C-Peptide Creatinine Ratio

Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is considered an epidemic with increasing incidence over years. UCPCR above 0.2nmol/ mmol is suggestive of remaining pancreatic reserve and is also safe and noninvasive. Screening for type 1 diabetes in siblings of children with T1DM is recommended.
Aim of Study: To screen the siblings of children with T1DM for risk of development of diabetes by using Urinary c-peptide creatinine ratio.
Patients and Methods: A prospective case control study was carried out on 43 child who were classified into two groups: 21 children as a control group and 22 siblings of children with T1DM. These diabetic children were diagnosed and followed-up at Endocrinology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospitals. The duration of the study was one year.
Results: Study showed that one child had a diabetic level of fasting blood glucose. It forms 4.5% of siblings of diabetic children. UCPCR for siblings ranged between 0.052-1.393 with a mean 0.23 and SD ±0.29, while it ranged between 0.159-1.69 with a mean 0.49 and SD ±0.35 in control. The UCPCR was statistically significant (p=0.009*). Negative correlation between fasting blood glucose and UCPCR had a cut off 0.17 with 60% sensitivity and 95% specificity.
In Conclusion: C-peptide is a useful indicator of beta cell function, and production of insulin. Urinary C-peptide creat-inine ratio may be used as screening test to predict childrende-veloping type 1 diabetes mellitus.